Investigation of cement substitution by blends of calcined clays and limestone

.......................................................................................................................................II Résumé ...................................................................................................................................... IV Zusammenfassung ...................................................................................................................... VI Resumen .................................................................................................................................. VIII Remerciements ............................................................................................................................ X Content ......................................................................................................................................XII Glossary ................................................................................................................................... XIX List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ XXII List of Figures.......................................................................................................................... XXIV : Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 1.1. Context of the thesis ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Objectives of the thesis ............................................................................................................. 3 : State of the Art ....................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 2.1. Calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) ............................................ 6 2.1.1. The different main clay types and their activation ............................................................ 6 2.1.2. Reactivity and calcination process ................................................................................... 10 2.2. Basics of cement hydration ..................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1. Portland cement .............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2. Blended cements with SCMs ........................................................................................... 15